不同手术方式治疗高血压脑出血病的体会

目的:用不同的手术方式治疗高血压脑出血病,以提高临床疗效。方法:分别采用大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术、小骨窗显微手术、钻孔血肿抽吸引流术共治疗高血压脑出血212例。结果:根据不同病情灵活采用三种手术方式治疗高血压脑出血取得了满意的疗效。结论:根据病情变化选择不同手术方式符合微创原则,三种术式各有其相对的适应证。     

高血压脑出血幕上血肿52例手术治疗体会

目的:总结高血压脑出血幕上血肿手术治疗的经验及疗效。方法:52例患者分别采用骨瓣开颅、小骨窗开颅血肿清除术、微创穿刺血肿引流术及脑室外引流术4种手术方法,清除血肿,解除脑受压,缓解高颅压,促进神经功能的恢复。结果:死亡8例,存活44例,其中植物生存2例,生活完全或部分自理37例,完全护理依赖5例。结论:手术治疗高血压脑出血幕上血肿是提高存活率和生存质量的有效方法。     

Long-term Success and Survival of Endodontic Microsurgery

IntroductionHealed rates of endodontic microsurgery (EMS) may decrease over time, but research on the long-term outcomes is scarce. The aims of this retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the 5- to 9-year healed and survival rates of EMS, to identify associations between prognostic factors and healing status, and to compare the short-term (1- to 2-year) with long-term (5- to 9-year) outcomes.MethodsOne hundred fifty-one eligible patients (166 teeth) who underwent EMS in 2007–2010 were invited for a follow-up examination. Eighty-three patients (94 teeth) participated in the study. Survival status and reasons for extraction of all teeth were determined, and survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analyses. Outcomes were determined on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings and associated with potential prognostic variables via multivariate Cox regression analyses.ResultsThirty-two teeth were extracted: 6 because of endodontic failure, 20 for unrelated reasons, and 6 for unknown reasons. Outcomes were categorized as healed and not healed. Multivariate analysis revealed that adjusted hazard ratio for failure was 5.95 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.54–22.91) for teeth treated with intermediate restorative material than with mineral trioxide aggregate and 3.38 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.05–10.9) for teeth with no known history of nonsurgical retreatment. Teeth classified as healed in the 1- to 2-year review mostly remained healed at 5- to 9-year review (45/48 teeth); those with uncertain healing had varied outcomes at long-term review.ConclusionsEMS results in high long-term healed (78.3%, 72/92 teeth) and survival (95.2%) rates. Root-end filling material and nonsurgical retreatment before EMS may influence the long-term outcome.     

Endodontic Microsurgery with Orthodontic Treatment in a Mandibular Left Molar with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis

Endodontic microsurgery has reduced the degree of treatment trauma compared with traditional apical surgery and further increased the success rate of natural teeth retention. However, when root apices of the mandibular posterior teeth are far from the buccal cortical bone surface or near to the inferior alveolar nerve, the operational difficulty of endodontic microsurgery increased greatly. Orthodontic treatments may be helpful to decrease the difficulties. In this case, the roots of a highly calcified mandibular molar diagnosed as previously initiated, symptomatic apical periodontitis were moved initially buccally by orthodontic treatment in 2 months. Then, endodontic microsurgery was completed. The tooth remained asymptomatic and functional with a radiographically healing periapical lesion at the 4-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups.     

483例断指再植的临床体会

目的 回顾性分析483例断指再植的临床研究疗效.方法 2007年3月～2010年6月我院采用臂丛麻醉或指根麻醉对483例601指进行断植再植手术,在手术显微镜下彻底清创、精确吻合血管,仔细修复肌腱及指神经.术后常规行"三抗"治疗与早期康复治疗.结果 再植601指成活581指,手术成功率为96.7%.术后经6个月～3年3...     

嗓音病患者激光术后的嗓音康复训练

目的探讨发声训练在嗓音病患者显微激光手术后嗓音康复中的作用。方法将60例嗓音病行显微激光手术后患者随机分为训练组和常规组各30例,两组患者均按嗓音外科显微激光术后常规治疗与护理;训练组另予发声训练,包括放松训练、呼吸训练、基础发声训练、咀嚼发声训练和变调发声训练,并注意训练步骤。结果两组术后3个月主观评估和客观评估指标比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论发声训练能显著改善嗓音病患者术后嗓音质量,促进康复。     

直肠肿瘤经肛门内窥镜微创手术后肛门功能测压评估

目的：探讨直肠良性肿瘤及早期直肠癌经肛门内窥镜微创手术（TEM）治疗后对肛门功能的影响。方法：随访2008年2月至2010年2月30例经肛门内窥镜微创术治疗的直肠肿瘤患者,于术前1周,术后2周、3个月、6个月和9个月时采用肛门测压法评估肛门功能。统计数据采用t检验和χ2检验进行比较。结果：30例患者中,术前经活检证实绒毛状腺瘤20例,直肠腺癌10例（T1期8例,T2期2例）,肿瘤距肛缘为5～16 cm。与术前相比,术后3个月平均静息压和最大耐受容量均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义（t=17.4、22.8,P〈0.05）,至术后6个月时恢复正常（t=1.75、0.93,P〉0.05）;缩榨压于术后2周时降低,与术前相比差异有统计学意义（t=24.0,P〈0.05）,术后3个月恢复正常（t=1.65,P〉0.05）;直肠容量感觉阈值于术后6个月内降低,与术前相比差异有统计学意义（t=3.38,P〈0.05）,至术后9个月趋于正常（t=1.40,P〉0.05）。术前有3例未引出直肠肛门抑制反射,术后3个月有14例阴性,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.93,P〈0.05）,术后6个月下降至4例,与术前相近（χ2=0.16,P〉0.05）。结论：对于直肠良性肿瘤及早期直肠癌患者,采用TEM治疗后9个月起肛门测压结果基本正常,证明TEM不但是一种保肛及微创手术,而且对肛门功能影响很小。     

小骨窗显微手术切除大型桥小脑角肿瘤及神经功能保护

目的探讨大型（直径≥3cm）桥小脑角肿瘤的小骨窗显微手术切除方法及神经功能保护。方法回顾性分析经乙状窦后入路小骨窗显微手术切除的32例大型桥小脑角肿瘤患者的临床资料,肿瘤全切除28例（87．5％）,次全切除4例（12．5％）。结果本组无手术死亡病例。面神经解剖保留率为93．8％（30／32）,面神经功能（House—BrackmannI、Ⅱ级）保留率为78．1％（25／32）,听神经解剖保留率为87．5％（28／32）,听力保留率68．8％（22／32）。结论采用乙状窦后入路小骨窗显微手术切除大型桥小脑角肿瘤是一种安全、有效的手术方法,在保留神经功能完整性的前提下应尽量切除肿瘤。     

大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤的临床特点及其治疗(附23例报告)

目的探讨大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤的诊断和总结其外科治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年10月收治的23例大脑前动脉-胼周动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中20例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术,3例行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 23例患者均恢复良好,住院时间为14～28d,平均19d。本组无死亡病例,无神经系统并发症者。3例行血管内治疗的患者中,2例头部CT发现在胼胝体前部纵裂间形成小血肿者,其精神症状和下肢轻瘫的恢复时间较行手术治疗的患者长。结论无论手术夹闭还是血管内栓塞治疗大脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤,其效果均较好,但开颅显微手术夹闭仍是主要的外科治疗方法。     

脑磁图描记联合术中唤醒用于显微镜下切除功能区胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤

目的总结脑磁图(magnetoencephalography,MEG)描记与术中唤醒联合应用切除功能区胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤(dysembroplastic neuroepithelial tumor,DNT)的经验。方法根据MEG结果大体确定功能区范围,在唤醒麻醉下应用术中皮质电刺激刺激相应区域皮质,明确功能区和DNT边界。在显微镜下切除DNT 4例,观察治疗效果。结果 4例患者手术效果良好,无功能区损害。长期随访未出现癫发作及DNT复发。结论联合应用MEG与术中唤醒技术显微镜下切除肿瘤是治疗功能区DNT安全、有效的方法。